by

I. prep.

1.

Through (as the cause, or the remote agent), by the agency of, by means of, by dint of. See with.

2.

At, on, by way of.

3.

From, according to.

4.

Near to, close by, near.

5.

Past.

6.

Along, over.

7.

In the name of, before, in the sight of.

8.

In proportion to, in the quantity of, per, a.

II. ad.

Near.